ELEAZAR BEN SIMEON

ELEAZAR BEN SIMEON
ELEAZAR BEN SIMEON, Zealot leader during the Roman war of 66–70 C.E. Eleazar was a member of a distinguished priestly family of Jerusalem and a friend of zechariah b. avkilus . He played an important role in the war against cestius gallus , attacking the retreating Roman army and seizing military equipment, which was later to prove of great value in the defense of Jerusalem. Eleazar was not appointed a member of the governing council formed after the war against Cestius, probably because he was an extremist. The entry of Idumeans into Jerusalem, and the ensuing slaughter of those who had opposed the Zealots can be attributed to the machinations of Eleazar and his associates. Josephus attempted to exonerate Eleazar from responsibility for the massacres, putting the blame on john of giscala . Josephus cannot be relied on in this, since he was probably influenced by his great hostility to John. Eleazar engaged in internecine warfare with John of Giscala inside Jerusalem. Eleazar's men entrenched themselves in the Temple, which occupied the highest position in the city, affording them a significant strategic advantage over their enemies. Eleazar was thus able to maintain a defense although he had only a few men at his disposal. A peace agreement between the warring factions was not reached until Passover of 70 C.E. when the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans had already begun. Coins inscribed "Eleazar the Priest" on one side and "Year One of the Redemption of Israel" on the obverse are extant. In the opinion of some historians Eleazar b. Simeon is the subject of the inscription but it is probable that the coins date from the rebellion of Bar Kokhba, and that "Eleazar the Priest" refers to the high priest of that time. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Jos., Wars, 2:562–5; 4:225; 5:5–10, 99, 250; Klausner, Bayit Sheni, 5 (19512), 302 (index); Schuerer, Hist, 264ff.; F.W. Madden, Coins of the Jews (19672), 35ff., 188ff.; A. Schlatter, Zur Topographie und Geschichte Palaestinas (1893). (Abraham Schalit)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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  • ELEAZAR BEN SIMEON — ELEAZAR BEN SIMEON, tanna of the end of the second century C.E.; son and pupil of Simeon b. Yoḥai (Suk. 45b). He is mentioned by name very rarely in the Mishnah, though amoraim ascribe several anonymous mishnayot to him (Bek. 51b, et al.). He is… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Eleazar ben Simeon —    1) (fl. 1st cent)    Palestinian Zealot leader. He played an important role in the war against Cestius Gallus. He was responsible for the entry of the Idumeans to Jerusalem and the subsequent massacre of the opponents of the Zealots. He fought …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • ELEAZAR BEN JUDAH OF BARTOTA — (first half of the second century C.E.), tanna. His cognomen is derived from a place Bartota, whose exact locality is unknown. It appears that Eleazar studied under …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • ELEAZAR BEN YOSE I — (second half of second century C.E.), tanna. Eleazar was the second son of Yose b. Ḥalafta of Sepphoris (Shab. 118b; J, Yev. 1:1, 2b). He attained distinction as a scholar during the lifetime of his father, who quotes him and praises his… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • ELEAZAR BEN MATYA — (first half of the second century C.E.), tanna. Eleazar was one of the most important of the students of Jabneh (TJ, Shek. 5:1, 48a), and was apparently a pupil of tarfon (Tosef., Ber. 4:16). ben azzai , ben zoma , Ḥanina b. Ḥakhinai, and Simeon… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Eleazar ben Shammua — (fl. 2nd cent)    Palestinian tanna. He was one of the last pupils of Akiva. After Simeon Bar Kokhbas revolt (132 5), he was ordained by Judah ben Bava. Several of his teachings were incorporated into the Mishnah by his pupil Judah ha Nasi. He is …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • ELIEZER (Eleazar) BEN YOSE HA-GELILI — ( of Galilee ; fl. second century C.E.), tanna. Eliezer is mentioned only once in the Mishnah, but more than ten times in the Tosefta, and even more frequently in the tannaitic Midrashim. Almost all of his dicta in both Talmuds, in beraitot, and… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Simeon ben Azzai — or simply Ben Azzai (Hebrew: שמעון בן עזאי) was a distinguished tanna of the first third of the 2nd century. His full name was Simon ben Azzai, to which sometimes the title Rabbi is prefixed. But, in spite of his great learning, this title did… …   Wikipedia

  • Simeon bar Ezron — or Simon bar Ezron (Aram. Shimon bar Ezron; Heb. Shimon ben Ezron) was a leader in the Great Jewish Revolt against the Roman Empire in the year 66 CE. He was a follower of the Sicarii leader Eleazar ben Simon. He was of noble descent [Josephus,… …   Wikipedia

  • SIMÉON BAR GIORA — ou BAR GHIORA (Ier s.) Chef militaire des Juifs dans la guerre contre les Romains (66 70). Probablement fils d’un prosélyte, ce qui explique son surnom de Bar Giora (en araméen, fils de prosélyte), Siméon était originaire de la cité hellénistique …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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